Feed Ingredients-soybean Meal

1. The source of soybean meal

　　 Soybean meal is a by-product obtained by extracting soybean oil from soybeans. According to different extraction methods, it can be divided into two types: one soaking soybean meal and two soaking soybean meal. Among them, the by-product after extracting soybean oil by leaching method is a soaked soybean meal, and the by-product obtained by first squeezing the oil and then extracting the oil is called the second soaking soybean meal. During the entire processing process, temperature control is extremely important. Too high temperature will affect the protein content, which is directly related to the quality and use of soybean meal; too low temperature will increase the moisture content of soybean meal, while high moisture content will Affect the quality of soybean meal during storage. The production technology of one-dip soybean meal is relatively advanced, and the protein content is high. It is the main variety currently circulating in the domestic spot market.

2. The grading standard of soybean meal

　　 According to national standards, soybean meal is divided into three grades, first-class soybean meal, second-class soybean meal and third-class soybean meal. Judging from the current domestic soybean meal spot market, the total domestic soybean meal processing (excluding imported soybean meal) is about 10 million tons, of which the first-level soybean meal accounts for about 20%, the second-level soybean meal accounts for about 75%, and the third-level soybean meal accounts for about 5%, the changes in the circulation of the three grades of soybean meal are mainly related to the quality of soybeans. From the perspective of the market demand for different grades of soybean meal, a few large domestic feed mills are using first-level soybean meal, and most feed mills currently mainly use second-level soybean meal (protein content 43%), and second-level soybean meal is still domestic soybean meal consumption. The mainstream product in the market, three-grade soybean meal has been rarely used. Soybean meal is widely used in feed processing, and the proportion of feed for pigs, chickens and ducks is 20%-30%.

3. the natural properties of soybean meal

　　a. physical properties

　　 Color: light yellow to light brown, too dark means overheating, too light means underheating. The color of the whole batch of soybean meal should be basically the same.

　　 Taste: It has the aroma of roasted soybeans, no peculiar smells such as rancidity, mildew, and coking, and no smell of raw beans.

　　Texture: Good uniform fluidity, irregular fragments, powder or granular, without excessive impurities.

　　Proportion: 0.515-0.65Kg/l

      b. Chemical composition

Soybean meal contains about 43% protein, lysine 2.5%～3.0%, tryptophan 0.6%～0.7%, methionine 0.5%～0.7%, cystine 0.5%～0.8%; carotene is less, only 0.2～ 0.4mg/Kg, 3-6mg/Kg of limin and riboflavin, 15-30mg/Kg of niacin, and 2200-2800mg/Kg of choline. Soybean meal lacks methionine. Crude fiber mainly comes from soybean hulls. The nitrogen-free extracts are mainly disaccharides, trisaccharides, and tetrasaccharides, with low starch content, low mineral content, less calcium and more phosphorus, and less vitamin A, B, and B2. . Table 2 reflects the composition comparison of soybean meal and other kinds of oil meal.

4. the use of soybean meal

　　 Soybean meal is one of the 12 animal and vegetable oil meal feed products, including cottonseed meal, peanut meal, and rapeseed meal, with the largest output and the most versatile. As a kind of high protein, it is mainly concentrated in the breeding industry and feed processing industry. It is used to produce edible feed for livestock and poultry. The food processing industry, papermaking, coatings, pharmaceuticals and other industries have a certain demand for soybean meal, which is used to make pastry food and health. Food and cosmetics and antibiotic raw materials.

　　Approximately 85% of soybean meal is used for poultry and pig feeding. The various amino acids contained in soybean meal are suitable for the nutritional needs of poultry and pigs. Experiments have shown that without the need to add additional animal protein, the amino acids contained in soybean meal alone are sufficient to balance the nutrition of poultry and pigs, thereby promoting the nutrient absorption of livestock. In poultry and pig feeding, soybean meal has been used to the greatest extent. Only when the unit protein cost of cottonseed meal and peanut meal is much lower than that of soybean meal will they be considered. In fact, soybean meal has become a benchmark for comparison with other protein sources.

　　During the feeding process of dairy cows, the delicious and easy-to-digest soybean meal can increase milk output. In the feeding of beef cattle, soybean meal is also one of the most important oilseed meal. Soybean meal is also used to make pet food. The simple mixed food of corn and soybean meal has the same value as the food made with high animal protein.

　　 In recent years, soybean meal has also been widely used in aquaculture. The various amino acids contained in soybean meal, such as methionine and cystamine, can fully meet the special needs of fish for amino acids. Due to the over-fishing of fish meal, the world's fish meal production has been reduced, and the shortage of supply has kept the price of fish meal high. Therefore, soybean meal with high protein has begun to replace fish meal. Play an increasingly important role in the aquaculture industry.

　　 In addition, soybean meal is also used to make pet food. Simple corn and soybean meal mixed foods have the same value to pets as foods made with high animal protein. An experiment conducted by the University of Illinois in the United States showed that soybean meal has the same high protein as pork, but does not contain low sugar salts that affect nutrient digestion.